City comparison

Modesto, CA vs Youngstown, OH

What a paycheck is really worth in each city: prices, rent and state taxes.

Key findings

  • Prices in Modesto, CA are 19.1% higher than in Youngstown, OH. Someone earning $100,000 in Youngstown, OH would need about $119,100 in Modesto, CA to live the same way.
  • Rent is the bigger story: a typical 1-bedroom costs $1,356 a month in Modesto, CA versus $771 in Youngstown, OH. On $100,000, that's 22% of take-home pay in Modesto, CA and 12% in Youngstown, OH.
  • On $100,000, estimated state income tax is about $3,103 a year higher in Modesto, CA than in Youngstown, OH.
  • For federal employees, locality pay changes a GS-13 step 1 salary by −16.5% moving from Modesto, CA to Youngstown, OH ($133,060 → $111,138), while prices change by −16.1%. Net effect of the transfer: −0.5% in real buying power.
ModestoYoungstown
Price level (U.S. = 100):Under 9292–9898–102102–108Over 108
  • Modesto, CA: price level 104.1 (pricier)
  • Youngstown, OH: price level 87.4 (much cheaper)

Map drawn from Census Bureau state boundaries and metro locations9,10; dot colours show BEA price levels2.

Side by side

Modesto, CAYoungstown, OH
Price level (U.S. = 100)2104.187.4
$100,000 is worth, in the other city2$83,946 in Youngstown$119,125 in Modesto
Typical 1-bedroom rent3$1,356/mo$771/mo
Take-home on $100,00014,15,8$74,110$77,212
State income tax on $100,000 (estimate)8$5,070 (CA)$1,968 (OH)
Rent burden on $100,00022%12%
Median pay, all jobs4$50,610$43,800
Federal locality pay area7San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CACleveland-Akron-Canton, OH-PA

Rent areas: Modesto, CA MSA and Youngstown-Warren, OH MSA. Metro areas: Modesto, CA and Youngstown-Warren, OH.

What costs more or less

Modesto, CAYoungstown, OH
Price level (U.S. = 100)ModestoYoungstown
Housing (rent)108.553.4
Goods105.293.6
Utilities152.396.3
Other services100.398.9
Overall104.187.4
BEA Regional Price Parities2. Housing covers rents.

Moving with the same $100,000 salary

Modesto, CA → Youngstown, OH

Same pay goes further

Buying power +19.1%; rent takes 12% of take-home; state tax −$3,103/yr.

100 Strong offer

Youngstown, OH → Modesto, CA

Same pay buys less

Buying power −16.1%; rent takes 22% of take-home; state tax +$3,103/yr.

38 Weak offer

On the GS pay scale?

Modesto, CA is in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA pay area; Youngstown, OH is in Cleveland-Akron-Canton, OH-PA. The last column shows what a transfer from Modesto, CA to Youngstown, OH at the same grade and step does to real buying power.

Grade5,2Modesto, CAYoungstown, OHReal change, Modesto → Youngstown
GS-9 step 1$77,161$64,448−0.5%
GS-11 step 1$93,358$77,977−0.5%
GS-12 step 1$111,896$93,461−0.5%
GS-13 step 1$133,060$111,138−0.5%
GS-14 step 1$157,236$131,331−0.5%

Pay for common jobs

Median annual pay4Modesto, CAYoungstown, OHYoungstown pay in Modesto dollars
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education$101,640$72,560$86,437 (−15.0%)
Software Developers$119,770$107,990$128,643 (+7.4%)
Accountants and Auditors$83,560$73,080$87,056 (+4.2%)
Registered Nurses$132,590$78,680$93,727 (−29.3%)

"Not published" means BLS doesn't release an estimate for that job in that metro.

Check your own offer

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Taxes are estimates for a single filer taking the standard deduction; city and county income taxes are not included. See the methodology.

Notes & Sources

  1. U.S. Census Bureau, Metropolitan Statistical Area population estimates (Vintage 2025) (2025). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  2. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Price Parities by MSA (MARPP), all items (2024). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  3. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Fair Market Rents, 1-bedroom (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  4. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025, metropolitan areas (2025). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  5. U.S. Office of Personnel Management, General Schedule (GS) pay rates with locality pay, 2026 (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  6. U.S. Office of Personnel Management, Locality codes used in the 2026 GS pay spreadsheet (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  7. U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 2026 Locality Pay Area Definitions (counties in each pay area) (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  8. Tax Foundation, State Individual Income Tax Rates and Brackets, 2026 (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  9. U.S. Census Bureau, Cartographic boundary file: states, 1:20,000,000 (2024) (2024). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  10. U.S. Census Bureau, Gazetteer file: core based statistical areas (2025) (2025). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  11. U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020-2024, table C24010 (occupation of employed residents) by ZIP code area (2024). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  12. U.S. Census Bureau, ZIP Code Tabulation Area relationship files (2020; Connecticut 2022) and Gazetteer locations (2025) (2025). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  13. U.S. Census Bureau, Cartographic boundary files (ZIP code areas 2020; counties and states 2024) and TIGER/Line primary roads (2024) (2024). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  14. Internal Revenue Service, Rev. Proc. 2025-32 (2026 tax brackets and standard deduction) (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  15. Internal Revenue Service, Publication 15 (Circular E), Employer's Tax Guide for 2026 (Social Security and Medicare) (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  16. U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, O*NET 31.0 Database: Job Titles (used under CC BY 4.0; O*NET is a trademark of USDOL/ETA) (2026). Retrieved 2026-10-14.