City comparison

Modesto, CA vs Provo, UT

What a paycheck is really worth in each city: prices, rent and state taxes.

Key findings

  • Prices in Modesto, CA are 6.0% higher than in Provo, UT. Someone earning $100,000 in Provo, UT would need about $106,000 in Modesto, CA to live the same way.
  • Rent differs too: a typical 1-bedroom costs $1,356 a month in Modesto, CA versus $1,265 in Provo, UT. On $100,000, that's 22% of take-home pay in Modesto, CA and 20% in Provo, UT.
  • On $100,000, estimated state income tax is about $1,536 a year higher in Modesto, CA than in Provo, UT.
  • For federal employees, locality pay changes a GS-13 step 1 salary by −20.0% moving from Modesto, CA to Provo, UT ($133,060 → $106,437), while prices change by −5.6%. Net effect of the transfer: −15.2% in real buying power.
ModestoProvo
Price level (U.S. = 100):Under 9292–9898–102102–108Over 108
  • Modesto, CA: price level 104.1 (pricier)
  • Provo, UT: price level 98.2 (about average)

Map drawn from Census Bureau state boundaries and metro locations9,10; dot colours show BEA price levels2.

Side by side

Modesto, CAProvo, UT
Price level (U.S. = 100)2104.198.2
$100,000 is worth, in the other city2$94,356 in Provo$105,982 in Modesto
Typical 1-bedroom rent3$1,356/mo$1,265/mo
Take-home on $100,00014,15,8$74,110$75,646
State income tax on $100,000 (estimate)8$5,070 (CA)$3,534 (UT)
Rent burden on $100,00022%20%
Median pay, all jobs4$50,610$48,010
Federal locality pay area7San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CARest of U.S.

Rent areas: Modesto, CA MSA and Provo-Orem-Lehi, UT MSA. Metro areas: Modesto, CA and Provo-Orem-Lehi, UT.

What costs more or less

Modesto, CAProvo, UT
Price level (U.S. = 100)ModestoProvo
Housing (rent)108.5104.1
Goods105.296.4
Utilities152.378.6
Other services100.399.0
Overall104.198.2
BEA Regional Price Parities2. Housing covers rents.

Moving with the same $100,000 salary

Modesto, CA → Provo, UT

Same pay goes further

Buying power +6.0%; rent takes 20% of take-home; state tax −$1,536/yr.

87 Strong offer

Provo, UT → Modesto, CA

Same pay buys less

Buying power −5.6%; rent takes 22% of take-home; state tax +$1,536/yr.

51 Fair offer

On the GS pay scale?

Modesto, CA is in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA pay area; Provo, UT is in Rest of U.S.. The last column shows what a transfer from Modesto, CA to Provo, UT at the same grade and step does to real buying power.

Grade5,2Modesto, CAProvo, UTReal change, Modesto → Provo
GS-9 step 1$77,161$61,722−15.2%
GS-11 step 1$93,358$74,678−15.2%
GS-12 step 1$111,896$89,508−15.2%
GS-13 step 1$133,060$106,437−15.2%
GS-14 step 1$157,236$125,776−15.2%

Pay for common jobs

Median annual pay4Modesto, CAProvo, UTProvo pay in Modesto dollars
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education$101,640$62,930$66,694 (−34.4%)
Software Developers$119,770$131,210$139,059 (+16.1%)
Accountants and Auditors$83,560$75,700$80,228 (−4.0%)
Registered Nurses$132,590$81,780$86,672 (−34.6%)

"Not published" means BLS doesn't release an estimate for that job in that metro.

Check your own offer

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Taxes are estimates for a single filer taking the standard deduction; city and county income taxes are not included. See the methodology.

Notes & Sources

  1. U.S. Census Bureau, Metropolitan Statistical Area population estimates (Vintage 2025) (2025). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  2. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Price Parities by MSA (MARPP), all items (2024). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  3. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Fair Market Rents, 1-bedroom (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  4. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025, metropolitan areas (2025). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  5. U.S. Office of Personnel Management, General Schedule (GS) pay rates with locality pay, 2026 (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  6. U.S. Office of Personnel Management, Locality codes used in the 2026 GS pay spreadsheet (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  7. U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 2026 Locality Pay Area Definitions (counties in each pay area) (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  8. Tax Foundation, State Individual Income Tax Rates and Brackets, 2026 (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  9. U.S. Census Bureau, Cartographic boundary file: states, 1:20,000,000 (2024) (2024). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  10. U.S. Census Bureau, Gazetteer file: core based statistical areas (2025) (2025). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  11. U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020-2024, table C24010 (occupation of employed residents) by ZIP code area (2024). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  12. U.S. Census Bureau, ZIP Code Tabulation Area relationship files (2020; Connecticut 2022) and Gazetteer locations (2025) (2025). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  13. U.S. Census Bureau, Cartographic boundary files (ZIP code areas 2020; counties and states 2024) and TIGER/Line primary roads (2024) (2024). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  14. Internal Revenue Service, Rev. Proc. 2025-32 (2026 tax brackets and standard deduction) (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  15. Internal Revenue Service, Publication 15 (Circular E), Employer's Tax Guide for 2026 (Social Security and Medicare) (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  16. U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, O*NET 31.0 Database: Job Titles (used under CC BY 4.0; O*NET is a trademark of USDOL/ETA) (2026). Retrieved 2026-10-14.