City comparison

Boulder, CO vs Rochester, NY

What a paycheck is really worth in each city: prices, rent and state taxes.

Key findings

  • Prices in Boulder, CO are 8.4% higher than in Rochester, NY. Someone earning $100,000 in Rochester, NY would need about $108,400 in Boulder, CO to live the same way.
  • Rent is the bigger story: a typical 1-bedroom costs $1,795 a month in Boulder, CO versus $1,256 in Rochester, NY. On $100,000, that's 29% of take-home pay in Boulder, CO and 20% in Rochester, NY.
  • On $100,000, estimated state income tax is about $1,168 a year higher in Rochester, NY than in Boulder, CO.
  • For federal employees, locality pay changes a GS-13 step 1 salary by −9.7% moving from Boulder, CO to Rochester, NY ($118,675 → $107,182), while prices change by −7.8%. Net effect of the transfer: −2.1% in real buying power.
BoulderRochester
Price level (U.S. = 100):Under 9292–9898–102102–108Over 108
  • Boulder, CO: price level 105.2 (pricier)
  • Rochester, NY: price level 97.0 (cheaper)

Map drawn from Census Bureau state boundaries and metro locations9,10; dot colours show BEA price levels2.

Side by side

Boulder, CORochester, NY
Price level (U.S. = 100)2105.297.0
$100,000 is worth, in the other city2$92,237 in Rochester$108,417 in Boulder
Typical 1-bedroom rent3$1,795/mo$1,256/mo
Take-home on $100,00014,15,8$75,488$74,320
State income tax on $100,000 (estimate)8$3,692 (CO)$4,860 (NY)
Rent burden on $100,00029%20%
Median pay, all jobs4$69,580$51,210
Federal locality pay area7Denver-Aurora, CORochester-Batavia-Seneca Falls, NY

Rent areas: Boulder, CO MSA and Rochester, NY MSA. Metro areas: Boulder, CO and Rochester, NY.

What costs more or less

Boulder, CORochester, NY
Price level (U.S. = 100)BoulderRochester
Housing (rent)157.087.5
Goods96.199.7
Utilities82.7133.2
Other services99.897.8
Overall105.297.0
BEA Regional Price Parities2. Housing covers rents.

Moving with the same $100,000 salary

Boulder, CO → Rochester, NY

Same pay goes further

Buying power +8.4%; rent takes 20% of take-home; state tax +$1,168/yr.

95 Strong offer

Rochester, NY → Boulder, CO

Same pay buys less

Buying power −7.8%; rent takes 29% of take-home; state tax −$1,168/yr.

39 Weak offer

On the GS pay scale?

Boulder, CO is in the Denver-Aurora, CO pay area; Rochester, NY is in Rochester-Batavia-Seneca Falls, NY. The last column shows what a transfer from Boulder, CO to Rochester, NY at the same grade and step does to real buying power.

Grade5,2Boulder, CORochester, NYReal change, Boulder → Rochester
GS-9 step 1$68,819$62,155−2.1%
GS-11 step 1$83,265$75,202−2.1%
GS-12 step 1$99,800$90,135−2.1%
GS-13 step 1$118,675$107,182−2.1%
GS-14 step 1$140,239$126,657−2.1%

Pay for common jobs

Median annual pay4Boulder, CORochester, NYRochester pay in Boulder dollars
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education$80,640$62,840$68,129 (−15.5%)
Software Developers$164,560$122,770$133,103 (−19.1%)
Accountants and Auditors$99,990$80,890$87,698 (−12.3%)
Registered Nurses$103,290$86,570$93,856 (−9.1%)

"Not published" means BLS doesn't release an estimate for that job in that metro.

Check your own offer

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Taxes are estimates for a single filer taking the standard deduction; city and county income taxes are not included. See the methodology.

Notes & Sources

  1. U.S. Census Bureau, Metropolitan Statistical Area population estimates (Vintage 2025) (2025). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  2. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Price Parities by MSA (MARPP), all items (2024). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  3. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Fair Market Rents, 1-bedroom (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  4. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025, metropolitan areas (2025). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  5. U.S. Office of Personnel Management, General Schedule (GS) pay rates with locality pay, 2026 (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  6. U.S. Office of Personnel Management, Locality codes used in the 2026 GS pay spreadsheet (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  7. U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 2026 Locality Pay Area Definitions (counties in each pay area) (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  8. Tax Foundation, State Individual Income Tax Rates and Brackets, 2026 (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  9. U.S. Census Bureau, Cartographic boundary file: states, 1:20,000,000 (2024) (2024). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  10. U.S. Census Bureau, Gazetteer file: core based statistical areas (2025) (2025). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  11. U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020-2024, table C24010 (occupation of employed residents) by ZIP code area (2024). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  12. U.S. Census Bureau, ZIP Code Tabulation Area relationship files (2020; Connecticut 2022) and Gazetteer locations (2025) (2025). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  13. U.S. Census Bureau, Cartographic boundary files (ZIP code areas 2020; counties and states 2024) and TIGER/Line primary roads (2024) (2024). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  14. Internal Revenue Service, Rev. Proc. 2025-32 (2026 tax brackets and standard deduction) (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  15. Internal Revenue Service, Publication 15 (Circular E), Employer's Tax Guide for 2026 (Social Security and Medicare) (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  16. U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, O*NET 31.0 Database: Job Titles (used under CC BY 4.0; O*NET is a trademark of USDOL/ETA) (2026). Retrieved 2026-10-14.