City comparison

Boulder, CO vs Buffalo, NY

What a paycheck is really worth in each city: prices, rent and state taxes.

Key findings

  • Prices in Boulder, CO are 9.8% higher than in Buffalo, NY. Someone earning $100,000 in Buffalo, NY would need about $109,800 in Boulder, CO to live the same way.
  • Rent is the bigger story: a typical 1-bedroom costs $1,795 a month in Boulder, CO versus $1,139 in Buffalo, NY. On $100,000, that's 29% of take-home pay in Boulder, CO and 18% in Buffalo, NY.
  • On $100,000, estimated state income tax is about $1,168 a year higher in Buffalo, NY than in Boulder, CO.
  • For federal employees, locality pay changes a GS-13 step 1 salary by −6.2% moving from Boulder, CO to Buffalo, NY ($118,675 → $111,301), while prices change by −8.9%. Net effect of the transfer: +2.9% in real buying power.
BoulderBuffalo
Price level (U.S. = 100):Under 9292–9898–102102–108Over 108
  • Boulder, CO: price level 105.2 (pricier)
  • Buffalo, NY: price level 95.8 (cheaper)

Map drawn from Census Bureau state boundaries and metro locations9,10; dot colours show BEA price levels2.

Side by side

Boulder, COBuffalo, NY
Price level (U.S. = 100)2105.295.8
$100,000 is worth, in the other city2$91,105 in Buffalo$109,764 in Boulder
Typical 1-bedroom rent3$1,795/mo$1,139/mo
Take-home on $100,00014,15,8$75,488$74,320
State income tax on $100,000 (estimate)8$3,692 (CO)$4,860 (NY)
Rent burden on $100,00029%18%
Median pay, all jobs4$69,580$50,790
Federal locality pay area7Denver-Aurora, COBuffalo-Cheektowaga-Olean, NY

Rent areas: Boulder, CO MSA and Buffalo-Cheektowaga, NY MSA. Metro areas: Boulder, CO and Buffalo-Cheektowaga, NY.

What costs more or less

Boulder, COBuffalo, NY
Price level (U.S. = 100)BoulderBuffalo
Housing (rent)157.081.0
Goods96.199.7
Utilities82.7129.5
Other services99.897.8
Overall105.295.8
BEA Regional Price Parities2. Housing covers rents.

Moving with the same $100,000 salary

Boulder, CO → Buffalo, NY

Same pay goes further

Buying power +9.8%; rent takes 18% of take-home; state tax +$1,168/yr.

99 Strong offer

Buffalo, NY → Boulder, CO

Same pay buys less

Buying power −8.9%; rent takes 29% of take-home; state tax −$1,168/yr.

36 Weak offer

On the GS pay scale?

Boulder, CO is in the Denver-Aurora, CO pay area; Buffalo, NY is in Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Olean, NY. The last column shows what a transfer from Boulder, CO to Buffalo, NY at the same grade and step does to real buying power.

Grade5,2Boulder, COBuffalo, NYReal change, Boulder → Buffalo
GS-9 step 1$68,819$64,543+2.9%
GS-11 step 1$83,265$78,091+2.9%
GS-12 step 1$99,800$93,598+2.9%
GS-13 step 1$118,675$111,301+2.9%
GS-14 step 1$140,239$131,525+2.9%

Pay for common jobs

Median annual pay4Boulder, COBuffalo, NYBuffalo pay in Boulder dollars
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education$80,640$76,490$83,958 (+4.1%)
Software Developers$164,560$127,850$140,333 (−14.7%)
Accountants and Auditors$99,990$82,120$90,138 (−9.9%)
Registered Nurses$103,290$99,060$108,732 (+5.3%)

"Not published" means BLS doesn't release an estimate for that job in that metro.

Check your own offer

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Taxes are estimates for a single filer taking the standard deduction; city and county income taxes are not included. See the methodology.

Notes & Sources

  1. U.S. Census Bureau, Metropolitan Statistical Area population estimates (Vintage 2025) (2025). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  2. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Price Parities by MSA (MARPP), all items (2024). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  3. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Fair Market Rents, 1-bedroom (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  4. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025, metropolitan areas (2025). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  5. U.S. Office of Personnel Management, General Schedule (GS) pay rates with locality pay, 2026 (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  6. U.S. Office of Personnel Management, Locality codes used in the 2026 GS pay spreadsheet (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  7. U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 2026 Locality Pay Area Definitions (counties in each pay area) (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  8. Tax Foundation, State Individual Income Tax Rates and Brackets, 2026 (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  9. U.S. Census Bureau, Cartographic boundary file: states, 1:20,000,000 (2024) (2024). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  10. U.S. Census Bureau, Gazetteer file: core based statistical areas (2025) (2025). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  11. U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020-2024, table C24010 (occupation of employed residents) by ZIP code area (2024). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  12. U.S. Census Bureau, ZIP Code Tabulation Area relationship files (2020; Connecticut 2022) and Gazetteer locations (2025) (2025). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  13. U.S. Census Bureau, Cartographic boundary files (ZIP code areas 2020; counties and states 2024) and TIGER/Line primary roads (2024) (2024). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  14. Internal Revenue Service, Rev. Proc. 2025-32 (2026 tax brackets and standard deduction) (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  15. Internal Revenue Service, Publication 15 (Circular E), Employer's Tax Guide for 2026 (Social Security and Medicare) (2026). Retrieved 2026-09-29.
  16. U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration, O*NET 31.0 Database: Job Titles (used under CC BY 4.0; O*NET is a trademark of USDOL/ETA) (2026). Retrieved 2026-10-14.